By end of 2018, the IGAD region hosted 3.89 million refugees and slightly more than 9 million internally displaced persons (IDPs). Despite the concerted efforts, the IGAD region has been experiencing signicant levels of forced displacement and mixed migration ows. This trend continues to exert strains on governments and their resources, especially when displacement situations become protracted. Refugee settlements and camps as well as most of the migratory routes are often found in arid and semi-arid areas where communities have low levels of access to basic social services, economic and livelihood opportunities.
